Ansoff matrix – product market grid – Management theory & model

Introduction to the Ansoff matrix

Igor Ansoff is known as the father of strategic management. He was a mathematician and business manager. In the 1950s his work was developed and eventually published providing managers and the marketing world with a simple, practical tool that is in use 50 years later.

In essence the Ansoff product/ market matrix is a tool that helps businesses decide their product and market growth strategy.

Ansoff’s product/ market matrix suggests that a business’ attempts to grow depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets.

The traditional four box grid or matrix Ansoff model

Alternative Ansoff style matrix

A revised version of the Ansoff matrix featuring a 3×3 or nine box grid or matrix.

History – The Product / Market Matrix

Igor Ansoff created the Product / Market diagram in 1957 as a method to classify options for business expansion. The simplicity of this model is that the four strategic options defined can be generically applied to any industry.

This well known marketing tool was first published in the Harvard Business Review (1957) in an article called ‘Strategies for Diversification’. It was consequently published in Ansoff’s book on “Corporate Strategy” in 1965.

About the Ansoff Matrix

It is used by marketers who have objectives for growth. Igor Ansoff’s matrix offers strategic choices to achieve the objectives. There are four main categories for selection.

• Market Penetration
• Market Development
• Product Development
• Business Diversification

The four main categories

Market Penetration (existing markets, existing products):

Here we market our existing products to our existing customers. This means increasing our revenue by, for example, promoting the product, repositioning the brand, and so on. However, the product is not altered and we do not seek any new customers.

Market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives:

• Maintain or increase the market share of current products – this can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to personal selling
• Secure dominance of growth markets
• Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors; this would require a much more aggressive promotional campaign, supported by a pricing strategy designed to make the market unattractive for competitors
• Increase usage by existing customers. For example by introducing loyalty schemes.

Market Development (new markets, existing products):

Here we market our existing product range in a new market. This means that the product remains the same, but it is marketed to a new audience. Exporting the product, or marketing it in a new region, are examples of market development.
Market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets.

There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including:

• New geographical markets; for example exporting the product to a new country
• New product dimensions or packaging: for example
  • New distribution channels
  • Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments

Product Development (existing markets, new products):

Business Diversification (new markets, new products):

This is where we market completely new products to new customers. There are two types of diversification, namely related and unrelated diversification. Related diversification means that we remain in a market or industry with which we are familiar.

The diversification can be divided again into horizontal, vertical and lateral diversification.

• The horizontal diversification is the extension of the production programme.
• The vertical diversification is the sales stage stored by products pre order.
• The lateral diversification is the sales of completely new products, which within the range of the technology and marketing in no connection.

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Using Ansoff matrix

There are many uses of the Ansoff matrix or grid for example:

‘Analysing and planning to meet customer needs and expectations’

Facts that are worth considering include:

• What strategy is your Organisation/your Dept. implementing now for it’s products/services – you will need to place products/services in an appropriate quadrant?
• Is this the right strategy in terms of meeting customer needs and expectations?
• Is implementation effective?

Ansoff matrix – product market grid – Management theory & model

References

Ansoff, I., Strategies for Diversification, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 35 Issue 5, Sep-Oct 1957, pp.113-124

Other useful pages include

Porter Five Forces – PESTLE Analysis – SWOT Analysis – Critical Success Factors – SMARTer Objectives – Key Performance Indicators –

Important note

While Ansoff’s matrix is a useful model or framework for analysis or planning, in reality situations are rarely this clear cut. In many situations markets and products will straddle across the matrix. So like many other models – a useful framework within which to check a hypothesis – but not a rule to be followed.

 

Diversification is an inherently higher risk strategy because the business is moving into markets in which it has little or no experience.

For a business to adopt a diversification strategy, it must have a clear idea about what it expects to gain from the strategy and a transparent and honest assessment of the risks.